Everything about Andrey Voronikhin totally explained
Andrey (Andrei) Nikoforovich Voronikhin (
Russian: Андрей Никифорович Воронихин) (
October 17 1759,
Novoa Usolye,
Perm Oblast —
February 21 1814,
Saint Petersburg) was a
Russian architect and
painter. As a representative of
classicism he was also one of the founders of the monumental Russian
Empire style. Born a serf of the
Stroganov family, he's best known for his work on
Kazan Cathedral in Saint Petersburg.
Andrey Voronikhin was born in the village of Novoa Usolye (now
Perm Krai) to a family who were the serfs of count
Alexander Sergeyevich Stroganov, a long time President of the
Imperial Academy of Arts. Voronikhin trained in painting in the workshop of Ural iconographer Gabriel Yushkova. The talents of his youth attracted Stroganov's attention, and in
1777 the count sent Voronikhin to study in Moscow. Among his teachers were
Vasili Ivanovich Bazhenov and
Matvey Fyodorovich Kazakov. After
1779 Voronikhin worked in Saint Petersburg.
In
1785 Voronikhin was liberated. From
1786 through
1790 he studied architecture, mechanics and mathematics in France and Switzerland.
In
1797 the artist obtained the academic title of
«перспективной живописи» from the Academy of Fine Arts for the pictures
«Вид картинной галереи в Строгановском дворце» (1793,
Hermitage) and
«Вид Строгановской дачи» (1797,
Russian museum, Saint Petersburg). From the beginning of the 19th century he taught at the Academy of Fine Arts.
The earliest architecture of Voronikhin includes finishing the interiors of
Stroganov Palace (1793). The magnificent
baroque forms, proposed by Rastrelli, were replaced by Voronikhin with a strict classical order, characterized by simplicity and refinement. Furthermore, he reconstructed the interiors of the Stroganov
Dacha on the Black River (1795 - 1796), and also built estates in Gorodnya (1798).
The main creation of Voronikhin was
Kazan Cathedral in Saint Petersburg. The construction began on
March 27,
1801, and work was finished in
1811. On the occasion of renovating the temple, Voronikhin was granted a pension and the order of Saint Anne of the second degree.
A number of other works of Voronikhin were the house of the Department of the Treasury, the building of the
Saint Petersburg Mining Institute, the colonnade of the Peterhof, and palaces in
Strelna,
Gatchina and
Pavlovsk.
The architect died on
March 5 1814 in Saint Petersburg.
Voronikhin's nephew, Nikolay Ilyich Voronikhin, has been an architect based in
Ryazan. He inherited Andrey Voronikhin's archive; Ascension Cathedral in
Kasimov (
photo
) by Nikolay Voronikhin is remotely based on Andrey Voronikhin's unrealized draft for
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow.
Bibliography
- Гримм Г. Г., Архитектор Воронихин. — Л. — М.: Гос.изд. литературы по стр-ву, арх-ре и стр. материалам, 1963
- Лисовский В. Г., Андрей Воронихин. — Л.: Лениздат, 1971 (Серия: Зодчие нашего города)
- Панов В. А., Архитектор А. Н. Воронихин, М., 1937;
- Шуйский В.К. Андрей Воронихин // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга. XIX – начало XX века / Сост. В.Г. Исаченко. – СПб., 2000. – С. 19-38.
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